The purpose of this work was to production of ceramic thin films by using of Sol-Gel process. For this purpose deposition of Si02 on substrates of soda-lime glasses has been carried out. Coating treatments on prepared specimen were conducted in a Sol solution by means of dipping at various times. After drying and performing appropriate heat treatment on each sample, the thickness of coated layer was measured by means of roughness method Some of the specimens were also exposed to heat and chemical environment to evaluate the coating resistance in such media. SEM examination and EDAX and XRD analysis of coating layers was also conducted on some samples. The results indicated that by Sol-Gel method, it is easily possible to achieve thin layers in the scale of one-hundredth micron meter. Any change of the thickness layer on the surface is negligible and the quality of the coating is excellent. Also, experiments indicated that deposited coatings by Sol-Gel process, are stable and give enough durability in various environments.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Human- derived antibodies, which are prepared by expensive methods are used in diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of diseases. The aim of this study was to develop an effective and inexpensive method for purification of human serum immunoglobulins. METHODS: Human serum immunoglobulins were precipitated by ammonium sulfate (50% saturation) and then purification was done by thiophilic chromatography (T-gel). Purification of antibodies was evaluated by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Concentration of antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA) in serum and the resulting pooled fractions were estimated by single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) and percentage of recovery was calculated. FINDINGS: Analysis of products by electrophoresis showed only one band in γ-region. Recovery of the purified IgG was 75% while that for IgM was considerably low (about 17%). CONCLUSION: The purified immunoglobulins were eluated by a low salt buffer closely neutral pH, thus post treatment of product was not necessary. Thiophilic chromatography causes the purification of immunoglobulins at a stage after ammonium sulfate precipitation. The purified immunoglobulins in this study could be suitable for immunochemistry methods.

To better control the gelation time of in situ polymerization of gel system in reservoir, an activator regenerated by AGET (activator generated by electron transfer) ATRP (atom transfer radical polymerization) initiating system was developed. The AGET ATRP initiating system was composed of an initiator 1, 2-dibromoethane, a catalyst ferric chloride and a reducing agent vitamin C, and the effects of these three component proportions on the gelation time and gel viscosity were systematically investigated. Results of bottle tests indicated that the gelation time can even be more than 20 h at 60 °, C at optimal concentration ratios. Moreover, the viscosity decreased and the gelation time increased with the increase of salinity and temperature. The gelation time of the core test was 1. 5 times or even longer in comparison with that of the bottle test owing to the influences of dilution, adsorption, and rock skeleton isolation. It was also confirmed that the AGET ATRP initiating system can initiate the cross-link gelation of monomers in the core. The enhanced oil recovery result indicated that the oil recovery increased by 9. 17% after the gelation of the gelling solutions, and final oil recovery was 40. 05%. This research provided a brand-new method to control the gelation time of the in situ polymerization of gel system.

In recent years, edible coatings have received much attention due to their functional properties and have been used for a number of food products including fruits. Apricot is one of the fruits with short shelf life. Therefore, this study aimed to increase the shelf life of apricots at refrigerator temperature using edible aloe vera coating and to investigate its physicochemical properties. For this purpose, aloe vera gel was first prepared, dried and powdered. Then 0, 1 and 2% solutions of aleo vera powder were prepared and apricots of Rajabali cultivar were dipped for 5 minutes in solutions. The apricots were then packed in polystyrene containers and stored in the refrigerator at 4±1°C and 60±5% relative humidity. The samples were removed from the refrigerator at 0, 5, 15 and 25 days after storage, and physicochemical characteristics including weight loss, acidity, pH, firmness, vitamin C, mold percentage and color components were evaluated. Finally, the results were analyzed using a completely randomized design based on factorial test. The results showed that aloe vera gel at 2% concentration was highly effective in increasing the shelf life of apricots up to 25 days and the control samples without aloe vera coating had a significant decrease in quality and up to 50% moldiness. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of aloe eera edible coating increases apricot shelf life, preserves physicochemical properties and decreases moldiness in apricots. In this way Rajabali apricots could be preserved for 15 days at cold stores.

In present work, Al2O3/0.5 wt% Ag nanocomposite was synthesized by using gelcasting process from water soluble precursors in order to provide the second phase. Silver nitrate is used as the source of silver nanoparticles in alumina matrix. With investigating the several dispersants on the rheology properties of the slurry, it was found that the Dolapix ET85 with appropriate concentration 1.5 wt% is the best dispersant. The existence of silver nanoparticles and homogenous dispersion of these particles in alumina matrix was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that the average particle size of silver nanoparticles was about 10 nm.

Background and Objective: Chopped and washed fish meat (surimi) is used to produce ready-to-eat products. We can make products with better textural properties through various setting methods such as changing pH, and applying different heating time and temperature. In the present research, farmed carp surimi was heated in medium temperature at different setting times. The purpose is determining the effect of increasing the heating time during setting in medium temperature on the properties of surimi gels.Materials and Methods: Experiments were conducted on suwari gels (salty set surimi) and also kamaboko gels (cooked suwari). The gels were heated at 25oC for 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 hours for setting. The set suwari gels were immediately cooled down for one hour in ice and water, while kamaboko gals were cooked at 90oC for 20 minutes before cooling. The Experiments carried out included water holding capacity, protein solubility, soluble peptides, gel electrophorasis, puncture test, and colorimetriy.Results: The rate of protein solubility, L* and whiteness values decreased in both the suwari and kamaboko gels by increasing of the setting time to 25ºC. The rate of water holding capacity and soluble peptides in TCA revealed no significant difference. Electrophoresis gel pattern showed that the increase of setting time led to the decrease of the molecule weight of myosin and actin.Conclusion: Two-step heating of surimi gel and increasing of the setting time to 8 hours in medium temperature are recommended to improve the gelling characteristics of farmed carp surimi, and increase the texture quality of its products.

In this study, the various combinations of low- and high-decomposition temperature initiators and dual promoters were used to cure an unsaturated polyester resin. Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) and acetyl acetone peroxide (AAP) solutions were used as low-temperature initiators. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and t-butyl perbenzoate (TBPB) were used as medium and high-temperature decomposition initiators, respectively. Gel time and pseudo-adiabatic exotherm measurements have been used to study the curing behaviour. It has been demonstrated that the low-temperature initiator decomposition does not interfer with the high-temperature initiator decomposition. It was found that the exotherm peak and cure rate have been affected by the decomposition rate of low-temperature initiator in different ways. It is shown in this study that for cobalt naphthenate and dimethyl aniline (DMA) dual promoter systems that, with the increasing of DMA concentration, namely high reactive promoter, exotherm parameters sharply change. It might be due to the more reactive nature of DMA in comparison with the cobalt naphthenate reactivity. Now we can say, a judicious choice of a dual initiator or a dual promoter can avoid short time exothermic reactions, so a dual system can be much more effective than a single one.